But as the Gentiles joined the church, Paul noticed that Peter still treated Gentile Christians differently in order to … It is also obvious that Paul and the Jerusalem apostles made a political bargain not to interfere in each other’s spheres. Paul’s personal encounter with Jesus changed his life. 4. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. During the course of his missions, Paul realized that his preaching to Gentiles was creating difficulties for the Christians in Jerusalem, who thought that Gentiles must become Jewish in order to join the Christian movement. Paul is thirty years old when he is an official witness at the stoning of Stephen. Although the exact date of his birth is unknown, he was active as a missionary in the 40s and 50s of the 1st century ce. c. 20–30 Studies Torah in Jerusalem with Gamaliel; becomes a Pharisee. However, only seven of these are accepted as being entirely authentic: Letter of Paul to the Romans, both Letters of Paul to the Corinthians, Letter of Paul to the Galatians, Letter of Paul to the Philippians, First Letter of Paul to the Thessalonians, and Letter of Paul to Philemon. What little is known about Paul the Pharisee reflects the character of the Pharisaic movement. Paul spent much of the first half of his life persecuting the nascent Christian movement, an activity to which he refers several times. 15 Facts about the Apostle Paul. The birth name of Paul is actually Saul. . Paul’s motivations are unknown, but they seem not to have been connected to his Pharisaism. They accepted nonbiblical “traditions” as being about as important as the written Bible; Paul refers to his expertise in “traditions” (Galatians 1:14). The probable chronological order (leaving aside Philemon, which cannot be dated) is 1 Thessalonians, 1 Corinthians, 2 Corinthians, Galatians, Philippians, and Romans. Paul's citizenship saves him from scourging (Acts 22:22-29) Before the Sanhedrin (Acts 22:30 - 23:10) Jesus tells Paul that he will bear witness of him in Rome The plot against Paul's life (Acts 23:12-22) His surviving letters, however, have had enormous influence on subsequent Christianity and secure his place as one of the greatest religious leaders of all time. The authorship of the others is debated and may have come from followers writing in Paul’s name. Paul fought the good fight, even the greatest of fights; he fought for the gospel of … The Letter of Paul to the Ephesians, the Letter of Paul to the Colossians, the Second Letter of Paul to the Thessalonians, both Letters of Paul to Timothy, the Letter of Paul to Titus, and the Letter to the Hebrews are of uncertain authorship. His trade, tent making, which he continued to practice after his conversion to Christianity, helps to explain important aspects of his apostleship. Pharisees were very careful students of the Hebrew Bible, and Paul was able to quote extensively from the Greek translation. Life. Only 7 of the 13 letters, however, can be accepted as being entirely authentic (dictated by Paul himself). According to Acts, Paul began his persecutions in Jerusalem, a view at odds with his assertion that he did not know any of the Jerusalem followers of Christ until well after his own conversion (Galatians 1:4–17). A massive change came into Paul’s life through his experience on the Damascus road, and turned him from being a killer of Christians into being a lover of Christ and his people. Following this revelation, which convinced Paul that God had indeed chosen Jesus to be the promised messiah, he went into Arabia—probably Coele-Syria, west of Damascus (Galatians 1:17). The Apostle Paul’s Birth & Education c. A.D. 6 Born a Roman citizen to Jewish parents in Tarsus (in modern eastern Turkey) c. 20–30 Studies Torah in Jerusalem with Gamaliel; becomes a … It is known that St. Paul was imprisoned in Rome and wrote several of his epistles (letters) during his captivity there. Paul’s arrest and treatment in Jerusalem. Obviously, what Paul the Apostle became, as a true champion of God the Father’s way of salvation, of God’s authority then (as now), is of utmost importance to us all. Paul carries out at least five evangelistic journeys, visits more than 50 cities in his travels and preaches the gospel to Emperor Caesar and his entire household. He was born into a Jewish family in the city of Tarsus. Narrated by Ben Kingsley. Paul the Apostle lived God's praise. At Damascus—preaches in the synagogue—goes into Arabia—returns to Damascus—flight from Damascus. The conversion of Paul on the road to Damascus. It was agreed that Peter would be the principal apostle to Jews and Paul the principal apostle to Gentiles. He had permission from the High Priest to persecute those found worshiping the Lord (Acts 9:1, 2). He is circumcised on the eighth day, in compliance with the law of God (Genesis 17:12, Leviticus 12:3, Philippians 3:5). Thus, the list would not include: 1. The 4th and final year of the 3rd missionary journey. He then returned to Damascus, and three years later he went to Jerusalem to become acquainted with the leading apostles there. During the next 20 years or so (c. mid-30s to mid-50s), he established several churches in Asia Minor and at least three in Europe, including the church at Corinth. Disobedient members of synagogues were punished by some form of ostracism or by light flogging, which Paul himself later suffered at least five times (2 Corinthians 11:24), though he does not say when or where. The Apostle Paul, who started as one of Christianity's most zealous enemies, was hand-picked by Jesus Christ to become the gospel's most ardent messenger. More specifically, Paul states that he saw the Lord (1 Corinthians 9:1), though Acts claims that near Damascus he saw a blinding bright light. He was converted to faith in Jesus Christ about 33 ce, and he died, probably in Rome, circa 62–64 ce. A strict Pharisee who was educated at the feet of Gamaliel, we first find him in Jerusalem, where he was present at and consented to the death of the Christian martyr Stephen. Paul likely viewed himself as a Jewish prophet rather than a separate Christian prophet. (It was fairly easy for a bright, ambitious young boy to memorize the Bible, and it would have been very difficult and expensive for Paul as an adult to carry around dozens of bulky scrolls.) Paul's birth occurs in the city of Tarsus to an Israelite family of the tribe of Benjamin (Philippians 3:5). He was probably born about A.D. 6 and probably died about A.D. 64—which means he may have died at about age 58, an old age given the times and the hard life he lived. Paul's letters carry many common Greek aspects of letter writing. Although he held that Jews and Gentiles alike were called to be transformed into one new humanity in Christ, his missions were largely focused on the conversion of Gentiles, and Christianity would eventually become a largely Gentile religion. After this meeting he began his famous missions to the west, preaching first in his native Syria and Cilicia (Galatians 1:17–24). a. One of the apostles in the early church. Chronological Table of the Apostle Paul's Life. First, we learn that God can save anyone. the first 21 years of Paul’s 32-year ministry, but would not include the last 11 years of his life and work. In Romans 15:16–17 Paul seems to interpret the “offering of the Gentiles” symbolically, suggesting that it is the prophesied Gentile pilgrimage to the Temple of Jerusalem, with their wealth in their hands (e.g., Isaiah 60:1–6). St. Paul is often considered to be the most important person after Jesus in the history of Christianity. Two of the main cities of Syria, Damascus and Antioch, played a prominent part in his life and letters. Texts books (with a greater or lesser sense of certainty) will inform us that Paul was born in the town of Tarsus (now in modern Turkey) sometime around 5 C.E.. His original name was Saul of Tarsus, also known as Paul of Tarsus, but sometime later, the Catholic Church called him Saint Paul. Paul, the “Apostle of the Gentiles,” was born in Tarsus, capital city of the Roman province of Cilicia, in southeast Asia Minor. Paul was from the Israelite tribe of Benjamin. He could travel with a few leather-working tools and set up shop anywhere. Thus, about half of the New Testament stems from Paul and the people whom he influenced. Preaching about a Messiah was not uncommon in Paul's time. The Apostle Paul sets incredible precedence for minsters throughout the ages. 4. Born in Tarsus. Even before he was a believer, his actions were significant. The Apostle Paul I make no personal claim to the word or work of God, any or all of this book may be copied and freely distributed; to His Majesty The Lord Jesus Christ be all the Honor and ... A. Paul’s Pre-Christian Life 1. I've heard it said, "Every saint has a past and every sinner has a future." He never lost his fierce intensity, but from then on it was channeled for the gospel. Important events and accomplishments in the life of Paul include his witnessing of the stoning of Stephen. Paul wrote about A.D. 50. Birth & Education. Arts and Science Professor of Religion, Duke University. The Apostle Paul (died c. 66 A.D.), the first systematic theologian and writer of the Christian Church, has been the most influential teacher in t… Paul the Apostle, formerly known as Saul, took a dramatic turn on the Road to Damascus. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. 2. His Birth Acts 22:3 I am verily a man which am a Jew, born in Tarsus, a city in Cilicia, yet The apostle Paul, whose life was cut short by the Romans in 68 A.D., is easily the most influential Christian in the New Testament short of Jesus himself. Part 1. Apostle Paul (Saul) is born in Tarsus, a city in the Roman province of Cilicia, to an Israelite family of the tribe of Benjamin (Philippians 3:5). After his conversion, the same zeal and single-minded dedication Paul had against Christianity transforms into a hyperactive-like quest to spread the gospel worldwide. The birth name of Paul is actually Saul. Image from. Timothy performs many of the functions of an apostle in the commissioning of Paul in 1st and 2nd Timothy, though in those epistles Paul refers to him as his "son" in the faith. Paul’s perspective on life and death is founded upon the bedrock certainty of the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead, and from that, the certainty that all the dead will be raised—some to eternal life, and some to eternal torment. Please select which sections you would like to print: While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. His epistles (letters) have had enormous influence on Christian theology, especially on the relationship between God the Father and Jesus, and on the mystical human relationship with the divine. Paul was compelled to struggle, therefore, to establish his own worth and authority. His death was perhaps part of the executions of Christians ordered by the Roman emperor Nero following the great fire in the city in 64 CE. Omissions? He receives written permission from the temple's High Priest to rid the city's synagogues of any who believe in "the way." c. 30–33 Persecutes followers of Jesus of Nazareth in Jerusalem and Judea. Conversion. Born in Tarsus. Of the 27 books in the New Testament, 13 or 14 (an East-West difference) are traditionally attributed to St. Paul. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. The exact details of St. Paul’s death are unknown, but tradition holds that he was beheaded in Rome and thus died as a martyr for his faith. Paul the Apostle, commonly known as Saint Paul and also known by his Hebrew name Saul of Tarsus, was a Christian apostle (although not one of the Twelve Apostles) who spread the teachings of Jesus in the first-century world. From what we read in Romans 15:22-33, we know Paul had long hoped to visit the saints in Rome. In The Apostle Paul Biography we will give a good idea of what his life was all about. His first visit to Jerusalem, three years after his conversion. (Galatians 1:13 - 14, HBFV). Updates? No person apart from Jesus himself, shaped the history of Christianity like the apostle Paul. Thence to Tarsus. By his own account, Paul was the best Jew and the best Pharisee of his generation (Philippians 3:4–6; Galatians 1:13–14), though he claimed to be the least apostle of Christ (2 Corinthians 11:22–3; 1 Corinthians 15:9–10) and attributed his successes to the grace of God. If you need a quick refresher, you can read Acts 9:1-22. On reflecting on his pre-conversion days Paul says the following. Paul was born in the city of Tarsus, capital of the province of Cilicia. Our past doesn't define us. The Apostle masterfully combines careful adherence to biblical text, detailed research, and a storyteller's gift to create a book equally relevant for both casual readers fascinated by Paul's life and serious biblical scholars. In our last lesson, we will tie everything together with a basic timeline of the Bible that shows its story flow. Paul, who was originally called "Saul of Tarsus", was one of the most important leaders of the "Apostolic Age" in the first century A.D. He is personally taught by Jesus, for three years, while living in Arabia. He is circumcised on the eighth day, in compliance with the law of God (Leviticus 12:3, Philippians 3:5). In his former life, Paul was a well-to-do, highly respected, high-ranking Pharisee who vehemently hated and persecuted Christians. St. Paul the Apostle, original name Saul of Tarsus, (born 4 bce?, Tarsus in Cilicia [now in Turkey]—died c. 62–64 ce, Rome [Italy]), one of the leaders of the first generation of Christians, often considered to be the most important person after Jesus in the history of Christianity. You have heard of my former life in Judaism, how I persecuted the church of God violently and tried to destroy it. Later Christian tradition favours the view that he was executed there (1 Clement 5:1–7), perhaps as part of the executions of Christians ordered by the Roman emperor Nero following the great fire in the city in 64 ce. 1:1 he is only called a "brother" when Paul refers to himself as "an apostle of Christ". It was a … By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Paul's family sends him to Jerusalem to be taught in a Pharisaic Rabbinical school. His birthplace, Tarsus, was a major city in eastern Cilicia, a region that had been made part of the Roman province of Syria by the time of Paul’s adulthood. Letters considered “Deutero-Pauline” (probably written by Paul’s followers after his death) are Ephesians, Colossians, and 2 Thessalonians; 1 and 2 Timothy and Titus are “Trito-Pauline” (probably written by members of the Pauline school a generation after his death). Though he dedicated the early part of his life to persecuting followers of Jesus Christ, he later spent most of his life teaching the Gospel of Christ. Paul was born in Tarsus. After he received a vision ( Acts 10:9–16 ), Peter was one of the first apostles to specifically advocate for sharing the gospel with Gentiles. God used the Apostle Paul as an influential voice in the New Testament. Paul towers as one of the all-time giants of Christianity. His intention is to arrest those who believe Jesus is the Messiah and escort them back to Jerusalem for punishment. The doctrine of the Resurrection was a constant theme of his preaching, one which kept him spiritually alive, and one which contributed to his physical death. His accomplishments are astonishing given the rudimentary (by today's standard) level of transportation and other difficulties that exist in the first century. His letters are written in Koine, or “common” Greek, rather than in the elegant literary Greek of his wealthy contemporary the Jewish philosopher Philo Judaeus of Alexandria, and this too argues against the view that Paul was an aristocrat. The chief persecutors of the Christian movement in Jerusalem were the high priest and his associates, who were Sadducees (if they belonged to one of the parties), and Acts depicts the leading Pharisee, Gamaliel, as defending the Christians (Acts 5:34). After his efforts to stop the spread of early Christian beliefs in Jerusalem, he sets his sights on achieving the even more audacious goal of removing any Christian influence in the synagogues of Damascus. Paul was a Greek -speaking Jew from Asia Minor. The apostle Paul spent his life proclaiming the risen Christ Jesus throughout the Roman world, often at great personal peril (2 Corinthians 11:24–27). A. D. 36-39. Inevitably,one must alsomake certainassumptions oncertain other matters. Paul's life ? His father was a Roman. But herein – in this recounting of Paul’s former life, are many lessons that we could and should learn from. In addition to his extensive theological contributions, St. Paul played a crucial role in the development of Christianity away from its Jewish parent. In the late 50s Paul returned to Jerusalem with the money he had raised and a few of his Gentile converts. The others come from followers writing in his name, who often used material from his surviving letters and who may have had access to letters written by Paul that no longer survive. During his ministry he resurrects at least one person from the dead and is resurrected himself after being stoned to death. A Missionary. "For you heard of my (Paul is speaking) former conduct when I was in Judaism, how I was excessively persecuting the church of God and was destroying it; And I was advancing in Judaism far beyond many of my contemporaries in my own nation, being more abundantly zealous for the traditions of my fathers." Conversion of Saul of Tarsus ( Acts 9 ). The Vatican claims that Paul's body lies within St. Paul's Basilica in Rome. 1. In later art, Paul is often depicted It is during his trip to Damascus that the pivotal event in the life of Paul occurs. Timothy is referred to as an apostle along with Silas and Paul. His birthplace, Tarsus, was a major city in eastern Cilicia, a region that had been made part of the Roman province of Syria by the time of Paul’s adulthood. c. A.D. 6 Born a Roman citizen to Jewish parents in Tarsus (in modern eastern Turkey). … He then began a vicious campaign of persecution against Christians. Paul’s two-year imprisonment in Jerusalem. Before becoming the great missionary evangelist, Paul was known as Saul the persecutor of the Christian church. Moreover, he knew how to dictate, and he could write with his own hand in large letters (Galatians 6:11), though not in the small, neat letters of the professional scribe. He also writes no less than fourteen books (epistles) of the Bible (the most of any author), trains other evangelists and gospel preachers like John Mark and Timothy, and endures a total of more than five years in prison. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). ( … . After seeing Stephen's life taken, he leads the first great wave of persecution against the early church. In his childhood and youth, Paul learned how to “work with [his] own hands” (1 Corinthians 4:12). Whatever his reasons, Paul’s persecutions probably involved traveling from synagogue to synagogue and urging the punishment of Jews who accepted Jesus as the messiah. We have two sources of information pertaining to Paul’s biography. Pharisees believed in life after death, which was one of Paul’s deepest convictions. It is assumed that Paul died a martyr’s death in the mid-to-late AD 60s in Rome. A native of Tarsus in the province of Cilicia, just north or the island of Cyprus. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, The return of the Lord and the resurrection of the dead, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Paul-the-Apostle, Ancient History Encyclopedia - Biography of Paul the Apostle, Saint Paul the Apostle - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Paul - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), First Letter of Paul to the Thessalonians, Second Letter of Paul to the Thessalonians. c. 12 to 15 A.D. His birth in a Roman "free city" grants him Roman citizenship, a privilege he will exercise later in life. Spent time In Prison (Several Times) Wrote most of the New Testament. Documentary portraying Apostle Paul's life and ministry. The early religious training Paul receives comes from the best Rabbinical school in Jerusalem. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Acts 20:19. His dedication to eradicating those believing in the teachings of Jesus led him to take bold actions, such as going from house to house in order to find believers (Acts 8:1, 3)! Althoug… He only cared about God getting the glory by winning souls for Christ. During Paul’s time, this was a city which enjoyed no taxation. How bad were the persecutions of Paul against the early New Testament church? 19 I served the Lord with great humility and with tears and in the midst of severe testing …
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