Firstly the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research came up with a standard design for low-cost, four-roomed, forty-square-metre houses. William Carr, chair of non-European affairs, initiated the naming of Soweto in 1959. Buses and cars running through Soweto were burned. Tshewu v Registrar of Deeds, 1905 T.S. However in 2007, Skyriders transformed these unused towers into an entertainment area – a vertical adventure facility and a prominent landmark for tourists. Following the election of the new government, some 7,000 new houses were built in the first two or three years, but very little was done thereafter. Juni 1976 in Soweto in Südafrika. His motivation is introducing people to the world of adrenaline. The 1957 Natives (Urban Areas) Consolidation Act and its predecessors restricted residents between 1923 and 1976 to seven self-employment categories in Soweto itself. There were only communal bucket-system toilets and very few taps. Soweto was created in the 1930s when the White government started seperating Blacks from Whites. Police opened fire in Orlando West on 10,000[35] students marching from Naledi High School to Orlando Stadium. For Nico, safety is the #1 priority. Brazilian singer-songwriter Djavan, in his 1987 album Não É Azul, mas É Mar, recorded a song called Soweto. It was called The Imperial Military Hospital, Baragwanath. Soweto facts. The townships constituting Soweto grew out of shantytowns and slums that arose with the arrival of Black labourers from rural areas, in particular in the period between World Wars I and II. There have been signs recently indicating economic improvement. [12] Pimville was next to Kliptown, the oldest Black residential district of Johannesburg and first laid out in 1891 on land which formed part of Klipspruit farm. South Africa is one of only 12 countries where tap water is safe to drink. Mitte der 70er-Jahre war die Lage in den townships explosiv. Soweto, urban complex in Gauteng province, South Africa. There is efficient road access for many parts of the region along busy highways to the CBD and Roodepoort, but commuters are largely reliant on trains and taxis. It was to be called Central Western Jabavu. Michael Mabaso also comes from here. Below are some key events that led to the uprising: The Apartheid government introduced the Bantu Education Act in 1953 The future Soweto was to be laid out on Klipspruit and the adjoining farm called Diepkloof. For the ANC the final turning point or shift of using nonviolence to violence came after the Soweto Uprising on June 16, 1976. Soweto and other townships became the stage for violent state repression. Each of the Soweto Towers Cammack,D., The Rand at War, University of Natal Press, 1990, p. 1. It experienced civil unrest during the Apartheid regime. Educational and economic boycotts were initiated, and student bodies were organized. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Soweto began as a settlement in the early 1900s when an influx of migrants came during a gold rush to work in the mines. Its name is an English syllabic abbreviation for South Western Townships. David Grinker, Inside Soweto: Memoir of an Official 1960s to 80s, Eastern Enterprises, 2014, p. xii. After feverish consultations with the relevant government department, it was agreed that an emergency camp, which could house 991 families, be erected. An armed police officer trains his rifle on demonstrators during unrest near Cape Town, South Africa, in … In 1976 Soweto was the site of a massive uprising known as the Soweto Rebellion, which began as a protest against the government’s insistence that the Afrikaans language be used as the medium of instruction in Soweto’s high schools. The US and UK equally imposed economic sanctions on South Africa in 1985. 22. The main protagonist from the Jonas Jonasson novel The Girl Who Saved the King of Sweden, Nombeko Mayeki was born in 1961 in Soweto. [32] As chairman of the board it appointed Manie Mulder, a political appointment of a person who had no experience of the administration of native affairs. (eds.) Soweto was meant to exist only as a dormitory town for black Africans who worked in white houses, factories, and industries. The 2003 Regional Spatial Development Framework arrived at 87 names by counting various extensions (e.g. It was intended "primarily for the thoroughly urbanised and economically advanced Native". Originally set aside by the South African white government for residence by Blacks, it adjoins the city of Johannesburg on the southwest; its name is an acronym derived from South-Western Townships. Soweto was created in the 1930s and the name Soweto was first used in 1963. [28] It was decided to divide Soweto into various language groups. The parallels to apartheid South Africa are obvious but not explicitly remarked on in the film. In response, the apartheid state started providing electricity to more Soweto homes, yet phased out financial support for building additional housing. The Johannesburg City Council began to provide more street lights and to pave roads. Private initiatives to tap Sowetans' combined spending power of R4.3 billion were also planned[citation needed], including the construction of Protea Mall, Jabulani Mall, the development of Maponya Mall, an upmarket hotel in Kliptown, and the Orlando Ekhaya entertainment centre. This was the single largest valuation ever undertaken in Africa.[45]. Consequently, the UN Security Council placed an embargo on sale of arms to South Africa. The population, representing a number of Black ethnic groups, typically has been larger than the official enumeration (which had exceeded one million by the mid-1990s). Johannesburg, or Jozi, Joburg, Egoli or City of Gold, was founded in 1886 due to the discovery of gold. A major thoroughfare through Soweto is the Golden Highway. Tenants could erect their own dwellings in conformity with approved plans. The explosions believed to be the work of the Boeremag, a right-wing extremist group, damaged buildings, and railway lines and killed one person. He also became very active in the affairs of the Advisory Board for Orlando. Slum clearance and permanent-housing programs began there in 1948, at which time local as well as national authority was established. [citation needed] A series of bomb explosions rocked Soweto in October 2002. Nationally public to teacher ratios went up from 46:1 in 1955 to 58:1 in 1967. Soon the area was known either Brickfields or Veldschoendorp. [36], In 1994 Sowetans earned on average almost six and a half times less than their counterparts in wealthier areas of Johannesburg (1994 estimates). From its beginnings as a creation of apartheid South Africa, Soweto has become the vibrant trendsetting heart of Johannesburg, the City of Gold. In the Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek and the subsequent Transvaal Colony it was lawful for people of colour to own fixed property. Related Articles . Sowetans contribute less than 2% to Johannesburg's rates. Köppen-Geiger climate classification system classifies its climate as subtropical highland (Cwb). Visit Soweto the epicenter of Apartheid and get to know in detail… from. This was to try and force learners to move back to new schools in their so-called homelands. The government, who sought to differentiate the white working class from the black, laid out new suburbs for the Burghers (Whites), Coolies (Indians), Malays (Coloureds) and Black Africans (Africans), but the whole area simply stayed multiracial.[10]. Manie Mulder's most famous quote was given to the Rand Daily Mail in May 1976: "The broad masses of Soweto are perfectly content, perfectly happy. Beforehand most of the Africans living there were moved far out of town to the farm Klipspruit (later called Pimville), south-west of Johannesburg, where the council had erected iron barracks and a few triangular hutments. Organised by the Cape Wine Academy, the festival attracts over 6000 wine enthusiasts, over 100 of South Africa's finest wineries and well over 900 fine wines. It provides access to both the N1 as well as the M1 highways. In 1951 the Parliament passed the Building Workers Act, which permitted Blacks to be trained as artisans in the building trade. [36], The restrictions on economic activities were lifted in 1977, spurring the growth of the taxi industry as an alternative to Soweto's inadequate bus and train transport systems. It is the country’s largest Black urban complex. [63] Also this song inspired the naming of Brazilian pagode group Soweto. These towers worked till 1998 and after that it was left neglected and unused. By MBUYISA MAKHUBU TOURS. In 1994 Sowetans earned on average almost six and a half times less than their counterparts in wealthier areas of Johannesburg (1994 estimates). Soweto (/səˈwɛtoʊ, -ˈweɪt-, -ˈwiːt-/)[2][3] is a township of the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality in Gauteng, South Africa, bordering the city's mining belt in the south. In addition it built 4,045 temporary single-room shelters. The government decided that more money was to be made from issuing brick maker's licences at five shillings per month. Soweto is also mentioned in Sheila Gordon's novel, Waiting for the Rain. The previous agenda of remaining peaceful to end apartheid no longer seemed to be a viable option after witnessing and experiencing one too many times just how violent and extreme the South African government would go in combatting the ANC’s mission of ending apartheid. Its tap water is rated the third best worldwide. There have been signs recently indicating economic improvement. recorded the song "Soweto" for their first album No, in reference to the city and the movements. The City Council settled for the acronym SOWETO (South West Townships). R 1 100,00. per adult. The 1976 uprising is depicted in the film A Dry White Season (1989), starring Donald Sutherland, Marlon Brando, and Susan Sarandon, who portray white South Africans pursuing justice for the deaths of black Soweto residents which followed the demonstrations. 3. How many of these interesting facts about Johannesburg do you already know? The M70, also known as the Soweto Highway, links Soweto with central Johannesburg via Nasrec and Booysens. Using fire for cooking and heating resulted in respiratory problems that contributed to high infant mortality rates (54 per 1,000 compared to 18 for whites, 1976 figures. However, Soweto became world news due to the mass protests in the ‘Soweto Uprising’ in 1976. 27 of 1913, section 8(1)(g) & (i). Thereafter the area was redeveloped as Newtown. Soweto was incorporated into the City of Johannesburg. [16], In about 1934 James Sofasonke Mpanza moved to 957 Pheele Street, Orlando, and lived there for the rest of his life. The total number also depends on whether the various "extensions" and "zones" are counted separately, or as part of one main suburb. The impact of the Soweto protests reverberated through the country and across the world. [51], By 2003 the Greater Soweto area consisted of 87 townships grouped together into Administrative Regions 6 and 10 of Johannesburg. [citation needed], Metrorail operates commuter trains between Soweto and central Johannesburg. [8] The result was that many landless Dutch-speaking burghers (citizens) of the ZAR settled on the property and started making bricks. Soweto's population is predominantly black and the most common first language is Zulu. George Harrison and George Walker are today credited as the men who discovered an outcrop of the Main Reef of gold on the farm Langlaagte in February 1886. Further popular resistance: incorporation into the City. [25] In 1954 the City Council built 5,100 houses in Jabavu and 1,450 in Mofolo.[26]. [54] The differences may be due to confusion arising from the merger of adjoining townships (such as Lenasia and Eldorado Park) with those of Soweto into Regions 6 and 10. The committee believes that the South African government's privatization drives will worsen the situation. Soweto was created in the 1930s when the White government started separating Blacks from Whites, creating black "townships". [17] A year after his arrival in Orlando he formed his own political party, the Sofasonke Party. Unknown, Nguni family name. [6], Within a decade of the discovery of gold in Johannesburg, 100,000 people flocked to this part of the Zuid-Afrikaansche Republic in search of riches. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. [44] Originally built to house male migrant workers, many have been improved as dwellings for couples and families. In those days the Johannesburg City Council did not support the National Party. The City of Johannesburg's website groups the zones and extensions together to arrive at 32, but omits Noordgesig and Mmesi Park. Today, their homes … Sowetans contribute less than 2% to Johannesburg's rates Some Sowetans remain impoverished, and others live in shanty towns with little or no services. The presence of Blacks with freehold title to land among Johannesburg's White suburbs irked them. Originally set aside by the South African white government for residence by Blacks, it adjoins the city of Johannesburg on the southwest; its name is an acronym derived from So uth- We stern To wnships. [9] Soon other working poor, Coloureds, Indians and Africans also settled there. Between 1956 and 1960 they built 23,695 houses in Meadowlands and Diepkloof to accommodate the evicted persons. 07. of 07. Soweto has also become a Centre for nightlife and culture.[50]. 4. Reforms followed, but riots flared up again in 1985 and continued until the first non-racial elections were held in April 1994. [37] Previously the townships were governed by the Johannesburg council, but from the 1970s the state took control.[36]. In 1954 Parliament passed the Native Resettlement Act, which permitted the government to remove Blacks from suburbs like Sophiatown, Martindale, Newclare and Western Native Township. Minibus taxis are a popular form of transport. In 1996, the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality awarded tenders to Conrad Penny and his company Penny Brothers Brokers & Valuers (Pty) Ltd. for the valuation of the whole of Soweto (which at the time consisted of over 325 000 properties) for rating and taxing purpose. However, there are a few smaller areas where prosperous Sowetans have built houses that are similar in stature to those in more affluent suburbs. [13] Consequently, the township of Sophiatown was laid out in 1903 and Blacks were encouraged to buy property there. This page was last edited on 5 March 2021, at 01:16. Nonetheless, the 12 interesting facts provided herein will help you make a quick knowledge hitchhike to its summit. It is a historically important street where the 13-year-old Hector Pieterson was shot dead by the police during a peaceful protest against the enforcement of teaching in Afrikaans. It was only in 1963 that the City Council decided to adopt the name Soweto as the collective name. The name Soweto was first used in 1963 and within a short period of time, following the 1976 uprising of students in the township, the name became internationally known.[11]. R 3 205,13. per adult. The list below provides the dates when some of Soweto's townships were established, along with the probable origins or meanings of their names, where available: Other Soweto townships include Phomolong and Snake Park[citation needed]. The restrictions on economic activities were lifted in 1977, spurring the growth of the taxi industry as an alternative to Soweto's inadequate bus and train transport systems. In 1995, Soweto became part of the Southern Metropolitan Transitional Local Council, and in 2002 was incorporated into the City of Johannesburg. A Community Council of Black residents was first elected in 1978 to administer municipal affairs. The rest of them had to build their own shacks. The Act required local authorities to provide accommodation for Natives (then the polite term for Africans or Blacks) lawfully employed and resident within the area of their jurisdiction. Black African councilors were not provided by the apartheid state with the finances to address housing and infrastructural problems. dissertation, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 1983, p. 28. Growth was haphazard, and the emerging township lacked municipal services and government. Corrections? Von 1983 bis 2002 war Soweto eine eigenständige Stadt Soweto, urban complex in Gauteng province, South Africa. In his first Anthology of Poems titled "In Quiet Realm" South African Soweto Born poet Lawrence Mduduzi Ndlovu dedicated a poem called "Soweto My Everything" to honour the place of his birth. Hostels are another prominent physical feature of Soweto. The City Council's pride and joy was its economic scheme known as Dube Village. John R Shorten, The Saga of Johannesburg, John R Shorten (Pty) Limited, Johannesburg, 1970, p. 240. [20] The City Council's resistance crumbled. Being part of the urban agglomerations of Gauteng, Soweto shares much of the same media as the rest of Gauteng province. The camps were meant to be used for a maximum of five years, but when they were eventually demolished in 1955, Moroka and Jabavu housed 89,000 people.[22]. … In 2010, South Africa's oldest township hosted the final of the FIFA World Cup and the attention of more than a billion soccer spectators from all over the world was focused on Soweto. [4] Formerly a separate municipality, it is now incorporated in the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality, Suburbs of Johannesburg. The tour, which was dubbed Freedom 2020 NZ Tour, was set for March 2020, but it was cancelled due to the travel restrictions imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic. This is a township with a working class population who travel by train to work. 12. The students were unhappy because schools in the townships of Soweto were forced to use the Afrikaans language for teaching certain subjects. The purpose of the Act was to provide for improved conditions of residence for natives in urban areas, to control their ingress into such areas and to restrict their access to intoxicating liquor. There are many things to learn about this fascinating mountainous country. Research showed that 62% of residents in Orlando East and Pimville were unemployed or pensioners. I want to give you a glimpse of life in Soweto- the highs and lows; the good and the unbelievable. The City Council and the central government competed to control the Black townships of Johannesburg. The Chris Hani-Baragwanath Hospital is the largest acute hospital in the world, with 2 964 beds, is the only public hospital serving the 3.5 million people in Soweto, Johannesburg. From the poorer parts such as Kliptown t… Street committees were formed, and civic organizations were established as alternatives to state-imposed structures. [5] The fledgling town of Johannesburg was laid out on a triangular wedge of "uitvalgrond" (area excluded when the farms were surveyed) named Randjeslaagte, situated between the farms Doornfontein to the east, Braamfontein to the west and Turffontein to the south. Last month we gave you 20 interesting facts about the land down under. Letters, words, worlds: the naming of Soweto. Blacks were moved away from Johannesburg, to an area separated from White suburbs by a so-called cordon sanitaire (or sanitary corridor) this was usually a river, a railway track, an industrial area or a highway etc., they did this by using the infamous 'Urban Areas Act' in 1923. [36], By 1976 Soweto had only two cinemas and two hotels, and only 83% of houses had electricity. "Rocky Town", constructed from Afrikaans for rock (klip), and the English word "town". Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The party's policy was called apartheid, the Afrikaans word meaning separateness. Municipal elections in black, coloured, and Indian areas were subsequently widely boycotted, returning extremely low voting figures for years. It is a cultural melting pot of over a million black people many of whom remain there because of its heritage as the centre of the struggle against apartheid. It is the most visited city of the African continent, and for a reason. It is also the street that produced Nelson Mandela and Desmond Tutu, the two Nobel Prize winners from the country. They were of many races and nationalities. Er forderte zahlreiche Todesopfer und führte zu lange andauernden, landesweiten Protestaktionen gegen die rassistische Bildungspolitik und das gesamte Apartheidsregime des Landes. 8 and the first houses in what was to become Orlando Location were built there in the latter half of 1930. The Soweto Uprising, the police response, and the protests that followed led to greater international exposure, and censure, for the South African government and its policy of apartheid. Such actions were strengthened by the call issued by African National Congress's 1985 Kabwe congress in Zambia to make South Africa ungovernable. Jabulani, Phiri and Naledi followed the next year. Up to 93% of residents had no running water. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, This article was most recently revised and updated by, Soweto - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Soweto - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). In 1952 it passed the Bantu Services levy Act, which imposed a levy on employers of African workers and the levy was used to finance basic services in Black townships. The Makhubu family's close links with South Africa's history became iconic when a photograph of the body of a young boy, … from . Miriam Makeba has the song: "Soweto Blues". 130. Kliptown, one of the oldest districts in Soweto, is an area steeped in history - violent, restorative, sad and Many of South Africa's most. Vilakazi is a street in South Africa's Soweto neighborhood in Johannesburg. Pirie, G.H. MJ Viljoen & WU Reimold, An Introduction to South Africa's Geological and Mining Heritage, Mintek, Randburg, 1999, p. 33. It was called Moroka. [36], Soweto became an independent municipality with elected black councilors in 1983, in line with the Black Local Authorities Act. It bought 1 300 morgen of land on the farm Klipspruit No. The choir’s New Zealand Tour 2020 was cancelled. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. On the other hand, Soweto’s people became the sufferers as they were left to inhale the poisonous smoke emit from these towers. The first clinic was opened in Orlando in Soweto in 1932. [21] Moroka became Johannesburg's worst slum area. "Rocky Stream" (Afrikaans), originally a farm. 21 of 1923). There were serious riots in 1976, sparked by a ruling that Afrikaans be used in African schools there; the riots were violently suppressed, with 176 striking students killed and more than 1,000 injured. The Johannesburg City Council began to provide more street lights and to pave roads. Providing Authentic & Unique Tours Into South African History. Soweto became the largest Black city in South Africa, but until 1976 its population could have status only as temporary residents, serving as a workforce for Johannesburg. French, Kevin John, James Mpanza and the Sofasonke Party in the development of local politics in Soweto, unpublished M.A. About 85% of Kliptown comprises informal housing. There is little industrial development in Soweto, and most residents commute to other parts of Greater Johannesburg for employment. In 2000 it was estimated that around 2000 minibus taxis operated from the Baragwanath taxi rank alone. It began as a march by black schoolchildren. Short for South Western Townships, Soweto was created in the 1930s when the government started separating blacks from whites. Bus Tours. Magubane, Zine. Johannesburg is the second biggest city on Africa. About 85% of Kliptown comprises informal housing. A new section of the N17 road (South Africa) is under construction that will provide Soweto with a 4 lane highway link to Nasrec.[41]. Soweto, short for South Western Townships, is saturated with history and offers visitors everything from adrenaline-fuelled activities to traditional cuisine and, of course, museums filled with potent history.Here’s our list of the top ten things to see and do when visiting Soweto in Johannesburg. Johannesburg has a very rich history and a diverse cultural scene. The Legends Awards went to Gibson Kente, the "godfather" of township theatre, Felicia Mabuza-Suttle, a talk show host, Aggrey Klaaste, editor of the Sowetan newspaper and Winnie Madikizela-Mandela, MP and African National Congress Women's League president. On the third day of the Uprising 18th June, the situation in Soweto was still volatile. Hostels for African migrants in greater Johannesburg. [48][49] This form of music, which combined many elements of house music, American hip-hop, and traditional African music, became a strong force amongst black South Africans. Soweto Towers is currently owned and managed by Nico Myburg who has 20 years of bungee and extreme sports experience. The area is mostly composed of old "matchbox" houses, or four-room houses built by the government, that were built to provide cheap accommodation for black workers during apartheid. SOWETO'S entrepreneurs gathered at the University of Johannesburg Soweto Campus on 13 and 14 April to engage with experts from all over the globe about how to enhance skills and value-add in township economies. The N1 Western Bypass skirts the eastern boundary of Soweto. Named for Dr James Sebe Moroka (1891–1985), "Star" (Sotho/Pedi/Tswana), originally Mkizi, Named for Edwin Orlando Leake (1860–1935), chairman of the Non-European Affairs Department (1930–31), Johannesburg mayor (1925–26), Named for James Howard Pim, councillor (1903–07), Quaker, Unknown (The protea is South Africa's national flower), Named for Solomon G Senaoane (−1942), first sports organiser in the Non-European Affairs Department, Area: 200.03 square kilometres (77.23 sq mi), Population: 1,271,628: 6,357.29 inhabitants per square kilometre (16,465.3/sq mi), Households: 355,331: 1,776.42 per square kilometre (4,600.9/sq mi), Area: 106.44 square kilometres (41.10 sq mi), Population: 858,644: 8,066.81 inhabitants per square kilometre (20,892.9/sq mi), Households: 237,567: 2,231.9 per square kilometre (5,781/sq mi), Soweto is home to two football teams that play for the, Harrison, Philip, and Kirsten Harrison (2014) "Soweto: A Study in Socio-Spatial Differentiation.” In Philip Harrison, Graeme Gotz, Alison Todes, and Chris Wray (eds). Von 1983 bis 2002 war Soweto eine eigenständige Stadt. Many parts of Soweto rank among the poorest in Johannesburg, although individual townships tend to have a mix of wealthier and poorer residents. In terms of this Act the central government appointed the West Rand Administration Board to take over the powers and obligations of the Johannesburg City Council in respect of Soweto. Dlamini Senaoane, Zola, Zondi, Jabulani, Emdeni and White City were for Zulus and Xhosas. da Silva, M & Pirie, G.H. At least 176 citizens lost their life during the Soweto saga. Chiawelo for Tsonga and Venda. In South Africa, June 16 is now observed annually as Youth Day, which commemorates the uprising. They also erected their shacks there. The rioting soon spread from Soweto to other towns on the Witwatersrand, Pretoria, to Durban and Cape Town, and developed into the largest outbreak of violence South Africa had experienced. Pimville's 7) separately. In Soweto, popular resistance to apartheid emerged in various forms during the 1980s. There are however some media sources dedicated to Soweto itself: Soweto is credited as one of the founding places for Kwaito and Kasi rap, which is a style of hip hop specific to South Africa. More info. Soweto is South Africa’s largest township with over 3 million people. "Soweto" is the name of a song by the rap group Hieroglyphics. On 1 April 1948 the Black section of Johannesburg Hospital (known as Non-European Hospital or NEH) was transferred to Baragwanath Hospital. In April 1904 there was a bubonic plague scare in the shanty town area of Brickfields. [citation needed] Some Sowetans remain impoverished, and others live in shanty towns with little or no services. Ein Übriges taten die wirtschaftliche Not und die miserablen Lebensperspektiven der jungen Schwarzen. Police … As a result, informal trading developed outside the legally-recognized activities. According to wiredspace, 44 the name Soweto was officially endorsed by the municipalities’ authorities only in 1963 after a special committee had considered various names. Stals (editor), Afrikaners in die Goudstad, Hollandsche Afrikaansche Uitgevers, Pretoria, 1978, p. 51. Some counts say that Soweto comprises 29 townships,[53] whilst others find 34. Bonner, Philip & Segal, Lauren, Soweto – A History, Maskew Miller Longman, 1998, p.27. The next wave of land invasions took place in September 1946. The Soweto Awards, which will become an annual event, honours those who have their roots in Soweto. [29], The central government was busy with its own agenda. Sir Ernest Oppenheimer arranged a loan of £3 million from the mining industry, which allowed an additional 14,000 houses to be built. Juni 1976 blieben Tausende von Schülern in Soweto, dem größten township Johannesburgs, dem Unterricht fern und gingen auf die Straße, um gegen die Einführung von Afrikaans als Unterrichtssprache zu demonstrieren.
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