[1] He eventually became a boarder at the Monument High School in Krugersdorp, where he graduated with a first-class pass in 1953. [48] A number of banned political parties, including the ANC and Communist Party of South Africa, would be legalised,[49] although he emphasized that this did not constitute an endorsement of their socialist economic policies nor of violent actions carried out by their members,[50] and the Separate Amenities Act of 1953, which governed the segregation of public facilities, would be lifted[51] and all of those who were imprisoned solely for belonging to a banned organisation would be freed,[52] including Nelson Mandela;[53] the latter was released a week later. Homme d'État. Avocat et homme d'État sud-africain... Afrique du Sud : vie politique depuis 1961. Mandela later expressed regret for their disagreement but did not apologise for his original comments. President F.W. "[110], For much of his career, de Klerk believed in apartheid and its system of racial segregation. It's just musical chairs". In 2000, de Klerk established the pro-peace FW de Klerk Foundation of which he is the chairman. The atrocity was reportedly condemned strongly by South African president Thabo Mbeki and Winnie Mandela, among others, who openly spoke in favour of Marike de Klerk. [18] He therefore was, according to his brother, "one of a generation that grew up with the concept of apartheid". He oversaw the 1994 non-racial election in which Mandela led the African National Congress (ANC) to victory; de Klerk's National Party took second place with 20% of the vote. CNN Editorial Research. "[57] Throughout South Africa and across the world, there was astonishment at de Klerk's move. [84] Tutu had hoped that de Klerk or another senior white political figure from the apartheid era would openly accept responsibility for the human rights abuses, thereby allowing South Africa to move on; this was something that de Klerk would not do. [123] Willem stated that de Klerk had a close relationship with his children,[24] and that he was "a loving man who hugs and cuddles". He became the information officer of the Transvaal National Party, responsible for its propaganda output,[27] and helped to establish a new National Party youth movement. In September 1990, Potchefstroom University awarded de Klerk with an honorary doctorate. The Global Panel Foundation is known for its behind-the-scenes work in public policy and the annual presentation of the Hanno R. Ellenbogen Citizenship Award with the Prague Society for International Cooperation. [121] Willem also stated that his brother was "a team-man who consults others, takes them into his confidence, honestly shares information with his colleagues, and has a knack of making people feel importance and at peace". Frederik Willem de Klerk ist ein ehemaliger südafrikanischer Politiker und Präsident der Republik Südafrika (1989–1994), der das Ende der Apartheid mit herbeiführte und organisierte und zusammen mit Nelson Mandela Träger des Friedensnobelpreises 1993 ist. Autres résolutions : 190 × 240 pixels | 603 × 762 pixels. [5] De Klerk was deeply upset that many Afrikaners did not realise that his reforms to dismantle apartheid were carried out with the intention of preserving a future for the Afrikaner people in South Africa. Englische Übersetzung von Frederik Willem de Klerk. [73] Tutu urged for people to accept the apology, stating that "saying sorry is not an easy thing to do... We should be magnanimous and accept it as a magnanimous act", although Tutu was privately frustrated that de Klerk's apology had been qualified and had not gone so far as to call apartheid an intrinsically evil policy.[73]. [24], After university, de Klerk pursued a legal career, becoming an articled clerk with the firm Pelser in Klerksdorp. His former wife Marike described de Klerk as being "extremely sensitive to beautiful things", exhibiting something akin to an artistic temperament. [66], In 1990, de Klerk gave orders to end South Africa's nuclear weapons programme; the process of nuclear disarmament was essentially completed in 1991. [10] He and family members would be encouraged to hold family debates; his more conservative opinions would be challenged by his brother Willem, who was sympathetic to the more liberal, "enlightened" faction of the National Party. According to his brother, de Klerk underwent a "political conversion" that took him from supporting apartheid to facilitating its demolition. De Klerk is also chairman of the Global Leadership Foundation, headquartered in London, which he set up in 2004, an organisation which works to support democratic leadership, prevent and resolve conflict through mediation and promote good governance in the form of democratic institutions, open markets, human rights and the rule of law. [29] Fichier; Historique du fichier; Utilisation du fichier; Usage global du fichier; Métadonnées; Taille de cet aperçu : 474 × 599 pixels. De Klerk is an Honorary Patron of the University Philosophical Society of Trinity College, Dublin, and Honorary Chairman of the Prague Society for International Cooperation. [112], De Klerk accepted the principle of freedom of religion, although still believed that the state should promote Christianity. On 3 December 2001, Marike de Klerk was found stabbed and strangled to death in her Cape Town flat. He did not believe that South Africa would become a "non-racial society", but rather sought to build a "non-racist society" in which ethnic divisions remained; in his view "I do not believe in the existence of anything like a non-racial society in the literal sense of the word", citing the example of the United States and United Kingdom where there was no legal racial segregation but that distinct racial groups continued to exist. Er erhielt 1993 zusammen mit Nelson Mandela den Friedensnobelpreis. In this position, he supported the government's liberal economic policies. [127], Glad and Blanton stated that de Klerk, along with Mandela, "accomplished the rare feat of bringing about systemic revolution through peaceful means. [22] Foreign press coverage was largely positive and de Klerk received messages of support from other governments. Frederik de Klerk in 1992 (cropped).jpg 180 × 243; 11 KB Frederik de Klerk with Nelson Mandela - World Economic Forum Annual Meeting Davos 1992.jpg 800 × 625; 58 KB Frederik Willem de Klerk 1990.jpg 1,006 × 762; 428 KB Those who seek to force this failure of a system on South Africa should engage in a total revision of their point of view. [5] He was brought up in the Gereformeerde Kerk, the smallest and most socially conservative of South Africa's three Dutch Reformed Churches. [106], On 2 February 2020, de Klerk made a statement during an interview with SABC, a South African state broadcaster that "the idea that apartheid was a crime against humanity was and remains an agitprop project initiated by the Soviets and their ANC/SACP allies to stigmatize white South Africans by associating them with genuine crimes against humanity. [1] De Klerk's first language is Afrikaans and the earliest of his distant ancestors to arrive in what is now South Africa did so in the late 1680s. "[115] His brother Willem stated that de Klerk's demeanour was marked by "soberness, humility and calm",[116] that he was an honest, intelligent, and open minded individual,[117] and that he had a "natural cordiality" and a "solid sense of courtesy and good manners". De Klerk negotiated with Mandela to fully dismantle apartheid and establish a transition to universal suffrage. CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (. [33] [82] De Klerk did not object to Tutu being selected as the TRC's chair for he regarded him as politically independent of Mandela's government, but he was upset that the white Progressive Party MP Alex Boraine had been selected as its deputy chair, later saying of Boraine: "beneath an urbane and deceptively affable exterior beat the heart of a zealot and an inquisitor. [31] To stem defections from the right-wing end of the National Party, he made "ultra-conservative noises". [119] He was, according to de Klerk, "a man of compromise rather than a political innovator or entrepreneur". [29] In April 1978, de Klerk was promoted to the position of Minister of Social Welfare and Pensions. [7] His paternal aunt's husband was J. G. Strijdom, a former Prime Minister. Frederik Willem de Klerk führte das Land von 1989 bis 1994. De Klerk, the South African President, receive the Nobel Peace Prize at … In 1962, he set up his own law partnership in Vereeniging, Transvaal, which he built into a successful business over ten years. His efforts, however, were thwarted when the Boipatong massacre caused a resurgence of international pressure against South Africa, leading to a weaker position at the negotiation tables for the National Party. [71][72], In 1993, de Klerk issued an apology for the actions of the apartheid government, stating that: "It was not our intention to deprive people of their rights and to cause misery, but eventually apartheid led to just that. [85] De Klerk challenged the TRC on this point, and it backed down. [20] At the university, he began a relationship with Marike Willemse, the daughter of a professor at the University of Pretoria. Frederik Willem de Klerk OMG DMS (/də ˈklɜːrk, də ˈklɛərk/, Afrikaans: [ˈfriədərək ˈvələm də ˈklɛrk]; born 18 March 1936) is a South African retired politician, who served as State President of South Africa from 1989 to 1994 and as Deputy President from 1994 to 1996. [9] In this environment, de Klerk was exposed to politics from childhood. There is a tendency by commentators across the world to focus on the few negatives which are quite negative, like how are we handling AIDS, like our role vis-à-vis Zimbabwe. [20][11] He later noted that during this legal training, he "became accustomed to thinking in terms of legal principles". The existence of the nuclear programme was not officially acknowledged before 1993. Avocat de formation, élu député en 1972, il succède en 1989 à Pieter Botha à la tête du National Party. If the policy I propounded was ultra-conservative, then that was the policy; it was not necessarily I who was ultra-conservative. Minister of National Education and Planning, Prague Society for International Cooperation, "Johannes (Jan) de Klerk | South African History Online", "Frederik en Marike de Klerk vinden hun wortels in Zeeland", "South Africa: FW de Klerk Reveals Colourful Ancestry", "Nelson Mandela's fraught relationship with FW de Klerk", "Country Overviews: South Africa: Nuclear Chronology", "Criminal charges to be laid against De Klerk, Vlok", "South Africa's Truth Panel Accuses de Klerk of Lies and Cover-Up", "Truth Commission - Special Report - VlakplaasEpisode 43, Section 6, Time 25:33", Ethical controversy forces de Klerk to decline honor, "Ex-wife of de Klerk Murdered: S. African Police", "De Klerk's ex-wife is found knifed and strangled", "HBO History Makers Series: Frederik Willem de Klerk", "News – Politics: de Klerk sanguine about SA", "FW de Klerk Foundation Website – Speeches", "Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China; Press Release: H.E Young Sam, Kim, Former President of the Republic of Korea and his delegation arrived in Taiwan", "News – Election 2009: 'Zuma will confound the prophets of doom, "Eyewitness News: De Klerk: Mandela united SA", "FW De Klerk criticises Rhodes statue removal campaign", "EFF calls for De Klerk to be stripped of Nobel Peace accolade", "Ex-South African president de Klerk withdraws apartheid comments after backlash", "To protect women from violence today, we must secure justice for victims in the past", https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/political-veterans-on-the-mend-291484, https://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/fw-de-klerk-diagnosed-with-cancer-undergoes-treatment-b085e48a-895e-42ba-817b-1d20b3a61d3c, South Africa is one of the most unequal societies in the world, International Day for the Eradication of Poverty, Video of F. W. de Klerk's November 2005 visit to Richmond Hill High School on Google Video, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons, United Nations Blue Berets stationed in Ex-Yugoslavia, Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research, International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Leaders of the (Parliamentary) Opposition in South Africa, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=F._W._de_Klerk&oldid=1018409201, Members of the House of Assembly of South Africa, Members of the National Assembly of South Africa, Ministers of Home Affairs of South Africa, National Party (South Africa) politicians, Members of the Dutch Reformed Church in South Africa, South African Ministers for Sport and Recreation, CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown, Use South African English from February 2020, All Wikipedia articles written in South African English, Nobelprize template using Wikidata property P8024, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz identifiers, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 17 April 2021, at 23:31. [11], The name "de Klerk" is derived from Le Clerc, Le Clercq and De Clercq, and is of French Huguenot origin[12] (meaning "clergyman" or "literate" in old French). Although observers expected him to continue Botha's defence of apartheid, de Klerk decided to end the policy. [61] The white-dominated liberal Democratic Party, meanwhile, found itself in limbo, as de Klerk embraced much of the platform it had espoused, leaving it without a clear purpose. As a minister, he supported and enforced apartheid, a system of racial segregation that privileged white South Africans. De Klerk is also a Member of the Advisory Board of the Global Panel Foundation based in Berlin, Copenhagen, New York, Prague, Sydney and Toronto – founded by the Dutch entrepreneur Bas Spuybroek in 1988, with the support of Dutch billionaire Frans Lurvink and former Dutch Foreign Minister Hans van den Broek. Il se retire de la vie politique en 1997. De Klerk is a controversial figure. They were given the prize for peacefully ending apartheid and setting up a new government in South Africa. Frederik Willem de Klerk Fast Facts. Joining the National Party, to which he had family ties, he was elected to parliament and sat in the white-minority government of P. W. Botha, holding a succession of ministerial posts. The hope of millions of South Africans is fixed on us. During this period, he involved himself in a range of other activities. But the positives – the stability in South Africa, the adherence to well-balanced economic policies, fighting inflation, doing all the right things in order to lay the basis and the foundation for sustained economic growth – are in place. [2][3] He was his parents' second son, having a brother, Willem de Klerk, who was eight years his senior. Frederik Willem De Klerk. D er 1936 in Johannesburg geborene Frederik Willem de Klerk war von 1989 bis 1994 Präsident der Republik Südafrika. [58] Tutu said that "It's incredible... Give him credit. [40] The march took place and was attended by approximately 30,000 people. [25] He was also on the council of the local technikon, on the council of his church, and on a local school board. [78] One dispute occurred in September 1995, after Mandela gave a Johannesburg speech criticising the National Party. [69] It appears that this massacre may form part of the basis for criminal charges that the Anti-Racism Action Forum laid against de Klerk in early 2016. [26] Within a matter of days he was also approached by members of the National Party, who requested that he stand for the party at Vereeniging. [109] "[83], De Klerk appeared before the TRC hearing to testify for Vlakplaas commanders who were accused of having committed human rights abuses during the apartheid era. Frederik Willem de Klerk (IPA: [ˈfrɪədərək ˈvələm də ˈklɛrk]; Johannesburg, 18 marzo 1936) è un politico sudafricano, presidente del Sudafrica dal 1989 al 1994. [11], Willem also noted that "in the most profound sense", de Klerk was driven by his concern for Afrikanerdom and "the survival of his own people in their fatherland". [114], Glad and Blanton stated that de Klerk's "political choices were undergirded by self-confidence and commitment to the common good. In Mandela: The Authorised Biography, Sampson accuses de Klerk of permitting his ministers to build their own criminal empires. De Klerk also opened the way for the negotiations of the government with the anti-apartheid-opposition about a new constitution for the country. Frederik de Klerk hatte 1993 gemeinsam mit Nelson Mandela den Friedensnobelpreis erhalten. F. W. de Klerk was born on 18 March 1936 in Mayfair, a suburb of Johannesburg. In 1993, he publicly apologised for apartheid's harmful effects, although not for apartheid itself. [109], De Klerk stated that within the party, he "never formed part of a political school of thought, and I deliberately kept out of the cliques and foments of the enlightened and conservative factions in the party.
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