Some of them had been on duty for over twenty-four hours without respite. South Africans are marking the 50th anniversary of the Sharpeville Massacre, during which police shot into a crowd of unarmed civilians protesting racial discrimination under apartheid. Sharpeville had a high rate of unemployment as well as high crime rates. Wenn Sie anfangen, Englisch zu sprechen, ist es wichtig, sich an die Geräusche der Sprache zu gewöhnen. E.g., "[I]mmediately following the Sharpeville massacre in South Africa, over 1000 students demonstrated in Sydney against the apartheid system".—Barcan A. UNESCO marks 21 March as the yearly International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, in memory of the massacre. Many were shot in the back as they turned to flee, causing some to be paralyzed.[1]. Dieses Blutbad wurde für Südafrika zur Zäsur: Im März 1960 erschossen Polizisten in Sharpeville hinterrücks 69 Schwarze. 1960: Scores die in Sharpeville shoot-out: BBC ON THIS DAY | 21 | 1960: Scores die in Sharpeville shoot-out, "March 21, 1960 | South African Police Kill 69 Black Protesters in Sharpeville Massacre", https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sharpeville_massacre&oldid=6376884, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. Sharpeville ist ein Township der Lokalgemeinde Emfuleni in der Provinz Gauteng in Südafrika, etwa 50 Kilometer südlich von Johannesburg. Other evidence given to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission "the evidence of Commission deponents reveals a degree of deliberation in the decision to open fire at Sharpeville and indicates that the shooting was more than the result of inexperienced and frightened police officers losing their nerve. [10] At about 13:00 the police tried to arrest a protester, and the crowd surged forward. [3] Some say that the crowd was peaceful. It is likely that the police were quick to fire as two months before the massacre, nine constables had been assaulted and killed, some disembowelled, during a raid at Cato Manor. [11], Many White South Africans were also horrified by the massacre. The Sharpeville massacre occurred on 21 March 1960, at the police station in the South African township of Sharpeville in Transvaal (today part of Gauteng). März 1960 und gilt als ein Wendepunkt in der Geschichte Südafrikas. Nach dem Massaker von Sharpeville trat er dem ANC bei. Police reports in 1960 claimed that young and inexperienced police officers panicked and opened fire spontaneously, setting off a chain reaction that lasted about forty seconds. Minderheiten, Rassismus, Apartheid. Later the crowd grew to about 20,000,[5] and the mood was described as "ugly",[5] prompting about 130 police reinforcements, supported by four Saracen armoured personnel carriers, to be rushed in. The Sharpeville Massacre occurred on 21 March 1960, at the police station in the South African township of Sharpeville in the Transvaal (today part of Gauteng). [citation needed], The Sharpeville massacre contributed to the banning of the PAC and ANC as illegal organisations. After a day of demonstrations against pass laws, a crowd of about 7,000 protesters went to the police station. Sharpeville massacre. [2] In South Africa today, this day is a public holiday in honor of human rights. The massacre galvanized international public opinion. Many were shot in the back as they fled.[1]. [1] The police started shooting into the crowd. For almost fifty years black South Africans had strived for their struggle against oppression and exploitation with the greatest patience. [5], The official figure is that 69 people were killed, including 8 women and 10 children, and 180 injured, including 31 women and 19 children. [7][8], On 21 March, a group of between 5,000 and 10,000 people converged on the local police station, offering themselves up for arrest for not carrying their passbooks. The Sharpeville massacre was a haunting historical response by black people against the Apartheid oppression. There was no evidence that anyone in the gathering was armed with anything other than stones. [6]:p.534, By 10:00, a large crowd had gathered, and the atmosphere was initially peaceful and festive. United Nations Security Council Resolution 610, United Nations Security Council Resolution 615, "The Sharpeville Massacre – A watershed in South Africa", "The photos that changed history – Ian Berry; Sharpeville Massacre", "Sharpeville Massacre, The Origin of South Africa's Human Rights Day", The Sharpeville Massacre—a Watershed in South Africa, Student activists at Sydney University 1960–1967, "Sharpeville Memorial, Theunis Kruger Street, Dicksonville, Sharpville – ABLEWiki", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sharpeville_massacre&oldid=1015586353, Killings by law enforcement officers in South Africa, Short description is different from Wikidata, Use South African English from April 2016, All Wikipedia articles written in South African English, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2011, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 2 April 2021, at 09:30. That day, the police opened fire and killed 69 people during a peaceful demonstration. For the resistance movements it marked the change from non-violent to violent protest. [5], F-86 Sabre jets and Harvard Trainers approached to within a hundred feet of the ground, flying low over the crowd in an attempt to scatter it. The protesters responded by hurling stones (striking three policemen) and rushing the police barricades. The massacre was photographed by photographer Ian Berry, who initially believed the police were firing blanks. "Outside South Africa there were widespread reactions to Sharpeville in many countries which in many cases led to positive action against South Africa".—Reeves Rt-Rev A. It had wide ramifications and a significant impact. He also pursued William C. Quantrill's raiders following the Lawrence Massacre. There were 249 casualties in total, including 29 children. [10] Few of the policemen present had received public order training. Linguee. Das Massaker von Sharpeville war die Erschießung von 69 Demonstranten und die Verletzung vieler weiterer wegen ihrer Hautfarbe diskriminierter Personen im Township Sharpeville in der heutigen Provinz Gauteng in Südafrika, damals Südafrikanische Union. The massacre was one of the catalysts for a shift from passive resistance to armed resistance by these organisations. There was to be no change. The Sharpeville massacre occurred on 21 March 1960, at the police station in the South African township of Sharpeville in Transvaal (today part of Gauteng). Sharpeville was first built in 1943 to replace Topville, a nearby township that suffered overcrowding where illnesses like pneumonia were widespread. "[6]:p.537, On 21 March 2002, the 42nd anniversary of the massacre, a memorial was opened by former President Nelson Mandela as part of the Sharpeville Human Rights Precinct.[19]. Gegen Mittag fliegen Kampfflugzeuge über dem Polizeirevier, kurz danach erteilt ein ranghoher Polizeioffizier den Befehl, auf die unbewaffneten Demonstrierenden scharf zu schießen. Due to the illness, removals from Topville began in 1958. After a day of demonstrations, at which a crowd of black protesters far outnumbered the police, the South African police opened fire on the crowd, killing 69 people. Some say this was what led Nelson Mandela to engaging in more violent protests. Africa Media Online Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Sharpeville Massacre) The Sharpeville massacre was when a crowd of between 5,000–7,000 black people protested at the police station in Sharpeville, South Africa on March 21, 1960. You get the chance to get a good grade extra if you answer the following questions in complete English sentences (insgesamt etwa 15 Sätze). In my own research on international human rights law, I looked to complexity theory, a theory developed in the natural sciences to make sense of the ways that patterns of behaviour emerge and change, to understand the way that international human rights law had developed and evolved. Beim brutalen Polizeieinsatz wurden 69 Demonstranten Das Sharpeville Massaker (1960) in Englisch | Schülerlexikon | Lernhelfer A storm of international protest followed the Sharpeville shootings, including sympathetic demonstrations in many countries[13][14] and condemnation by the United Nations. Everyone flees. Suggest as a translation of "sharpeville massacre" Copy; DeepL Translator Linguee. Individuals over sixteen were required to carry passbooks, which contained an identity card, employment and influx authorisation from a labour bureau, name of employer and address, and details of personal history. The slow unraveling and dismantling of the apartheid regime began in Sharpeville. [10] Some insight into the mindset of those on the police force was provided by Lieutenant Colonel Pienaar, the commanding officer of the police reinforcements at Sharpeville, who said in his statement that "the native mentality does not allow them to gather for a peaceful demonstration. The Sharpeville Massacre occurred on 21 March 1960, at the police station in the South African township of Sharpeville in the Transvaal (today part of Gauteng ). Apartheid and baasskap was here to … Wounded people lie in the street, 21 March 1960 in Sharpeville, near Vereeniging, where at least 180 black Africans, most of them women and children, … In diesem Zusammenhang verfolgte er auch nach dem Massaker von Lawrence die Bande von William C. Quantrill. Translator. Africa Media Online Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. Sharpeville was much more than a single tragic event. Das Massaker ereignete sich am 21. The poet Duncan Livingstone, a Scottish immigrant from the Isle of Mull who lived in Pretoria, wrote in response to the Massacre the Scottish Gaelic poem Bean Dubh a' Caoidh a Fir a Chaidh a Marbhadh leis a' Phoileas ("A Black Woman Mourns her Husband Killed by the Police").[12]. The foundation of Poqo, the military wing of the PAC, and Umkhonto we Sizwe, the military wing of the ANC, followed shortly afterwards. 2011 hatte es 37.599 Einwohner. Opposition to apartheid regime spread throughout the world driven by coalitions of civil society and grassroots organizations. Police officers attempted to use tear gas to repel these advances, but it proved ineffectual, and the police fell back on the use of their batons. After a day of demonstrations, at which a crowd of black protesters far outnumbered the police, the South … Sharpeville massacre 1960-03-21. Outside Sharpeville police Station. Others say that the crowd were throwing stones at the police. Under the country's National Party government, black residents in urban districts were subject to influx control measures. Sharpeville marked a turning point in South Africa's history; the country found itself increasingly isolated in the international community. I will argue that the massacre created a major short-term crisis for the apartheid state, a crisis which appeared to The Sharpeville massacre was an event which occurred on 21 March 1960. On 21 March 1960, the police opened fire on a group of demonstrators who had gathered peacefully outside Sharpeville police station in response to a nationwide call by the Pan-Africanist Congress (PAC) to protest against the hated pass system; 67 … Link zur lokalen Verwaltungseinheit auf www.municipalities.co.za (englisch) South African History Online : Sharpeville Massacre, 21 March 1960 . Many of the civilians present attended voluntarily to support the protest, but there is evidence that the PAC also used coercive means to draw the crowd there, including the cutting of telephone lines into Sharpeville, and preventing bus drivers from driving their routes. After the people's protest; after the Sharpeville killings; after 20 000 people had been detained; the goverment closed another chapter in our countries history. Police opened fire. [17], Sharpeville was the site selected by President Nelson Mandela for the signing into law of the Constitution of South Africa on 10 December 1996. [2] People have different explanations to what the crowd was doing. [2] At some point the South African Police started shooting. There were also youth problems because many children joined gangs and were affiliated with crimes instead of schools. The row of graves of the 69 people killed by police at the Sharpeville Police Station on 21 March 1960. International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination. From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Today we remember the Sharpeville Massacre, which took place on this day in 1960, when 69 people were killed by police for protesting the South African apartheid Pass Laws restricting Black citizens … [2] The crowd went to the police station demanding to be arrested for not carrying their passes. That impact is best broken down into its short-term, medium-term, and long-term significance. The police were armed with firearms, including Sten submachine guns and Lee–Enfield rifles. As both the PAC and the ANC struggled with the limitations of peaceful protests and police became increasingly nervous with greater responsibilities, a political boiling pot had begun to simmer. Significant reshaping of international law is often the result of momentous occurrences, mos… The Sharpeville Massacre helped shape ANC policy. People were participating to a political rally organized by the African National Congress (ANC) in Sharpeville, South Africa, against a law that limited and controlled their movements. As such, “Sharpeville” has … “The massacre at Sharpeville created a new situation in the country,” said Mandela in his autobiography, “A Long Walk to Freedom.” He was mainly referring to a turning point were the ANC and its offshoot PAC (Pan Africanist Congress) had realized that their peaceful approach to apartheid or segregation had no effect and were weighing the possibility of becoming more aggressive. "[15][16], Since 1994, 21 March has been commemorated as Human Rights Day in South Africa. Als die ersten Steine gegen das Gebäude fliegen und Fensterscheiben zu Bruch gehen, holen sie Verstärkung. The event also played a role in South Africa's departure from the Commonwealth of Nations in 1961. Sharpeville massacre - how it began 1960-03-21. An Ordinary Atrocity: Sharpeville and Its Massacre | Frankel, Philip | ISBN: 9780300091786 | Kostenloser Versand für alle Bücher mit Versand und Verkauf duch Amazon. auf www.sahistory.org.za (englisch) Einzelnachweise Bearbeiten [1] Gegründet wurde dieser Wohnort für Schwarze von der Apartheidregierung Südafrikas. The Sharpeville Massacre in the 1960s was a turning point in South African history. Unterrichtsmaterial Englisch Gymnasium/FOS Klasse 10, Themengebiete: Sharpeville Massacre, Südafrika. The Sharpeville massacre of 21 March 1960 - the 50 th anniversary of which was commemorated in the past week - brought notoriety to the National Party government of premier Hendrik Verwoerd and elevated the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) to the status of a major anti-apartheid resistance movement overnight.. Unten finden Sie die britische Transkription für 'sharpeville' : "[6]:p.538, The uproar among South Africa's black population was immediate, and the following week saw demonstrations, protest marches, strikes, and riots around the country. [6]:pp.14,528 From the 1960s, the pass laws were the primary instrument used by the state to detain and harass its political opponents. EN. [9] The Sharpeville police were not completely unprepared for the demonstration, as they had already driven smaller groups of more militant activists away the previous night. [6]:p.163, The African National Congress (ANC) prepared to initiate a campaign of protests against pass laws. [10], PAC actively organized to increase turnout to the demonstration, distributing pamphlets and appearing in person to urge people not to go to work on the day of the protest. Fewer than 20 police officers were present in the station at the start of the protest. Furthermore, a new police station was created, from which the police were energetic to check passes, deporting illegal residents, and raiding illegal shebeens. [citation needed], Not all reactions were negative: embroiled in the Civil Rights Movement, the Mississippi House of Representatives voted a resolution supporting the South African government "for its steadfast policy of segregation and the [staunch] adherence to their traditions in the face of overwhelming external agitation. On 1 April 1960, the United Nations Security Council passed Resolution 134. The South African Police opened fire on the crowd, killing 69 people and injuring 180 others. The Sharpeville massacre was when a crowd of between 5,000–7,000 black people protested at the police station in Sharpeville, South Africa on March 21, 1960. [4] Leading up to the Sharpeville massacre, the National Party administration under the leadership of Dr. Hendrik Verwoerd used these laws to enforce greater racial segregation[5] and, in 1959–1960, extended them to include women. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}26°41′18″S 27°52′19″E / 26.68833°S 27.87194°E / -26.68833; 27.87194, 1960 police killing of protesters in Transvaal (now Gauteng), South Africa. Sharpeville, home to 26,000 blacks within the larger town of Vereeniging, located south of Johannesburg, seemed an unlikely setting for a watershed moment in the history of apartheid resistance.
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