Sharpeville massacre 1960-03-21. [3], South African governments since the eighteenth century had enacted measures to restrict the flow of black South Africans into cities. Many were shot in the back as they fled.[1]. For them to gather means violence. Before the massacre, white officials considered Sharpeville a small, insignificant, and even a … The Sharpeville massacre occurred on 21 March 1960, at the police station in the South African township of Sharpeville in Transvaal (today part of Gauteng). [2] In South Africa today, this day is a public holiday in honor of human rights. Linguee. Sharpeville marked a turning point in South Africa's history; the country found itself increasingly isolated in the international community. Police reports in 1960 claimed that young and inexperienced police officers panicked and opened fire spontaneously, setting off a chain reaction that lasted about forty seconds. Sharpeville massacre - how it began 1960-03-21. For almost fifty years black South Africans had strived for their struggle against oppression and exploitation with the greatest patience. The Sharpeville Massacre occurred in a South Africa that denied the rights and freedoms of anyone who was not considered “white” under a system called “apartheid.” Apartheid means “apartness” in the Afrikaans language. Sources disagree as to the behaviour of the crowd; some state that the crowd was peaceful, while others state that the crowd had been hurling stones at the police, and that the shooting started when the crowd started advancing toward the fence around the police station. Als die ersten Steine gegen das Gebäude fliegen und Fensterscheiben zu Bruch gehen, holen sie Verstärkung. [10] At about 13:00 the police tried to arrest a protester, and the crowd surged forward. "[15][16], Since 1994, 21 March has been commemorated as Human Rights Day in South Africa. [2] People have different explanations to what the crowd was doing. Individuals over sixteen were required to carry passbooks, which contained an identity card, employment and influx authorisation from a labour bureau, name of employer and address, and details of personal history. A storm of international protest followed the Sharpeville shootings, including sympathetic demonstrations in many countries[13][14] and condemnation by the United Nations. A curious crowd. "Outside South Africa there were widespread reactions to Sharpeville in many countries which in many cases led to positive action against South Africa".—Reeves Rt-Rev A. The Sharpeville massacre of 21 March 1960 - the 50 th anniversary of which was commemorated in the past week - brought notoriety to the National Party government of premier Hendrik Verwoerd and elevated the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) to the status of a major anti-apartheid resistance movement overnight.. There were 249 casualties in total, including 29 children. Sharpeville was much more than a single tragic event. Sharpeville massacre. After a day of demonstrations, at which a crowd of black protesters far outnumbered the police, the South African police opened fire on the crowd, killing 69 people. Police officers attempted to use tear gas to repel these advances, but it proved ineffectual, and the police fell back on the use of their batons. [9] The Sharpeville police were not completely unprepared for the demonstration, as they had already driven smaller groups of more militant activists away the previous night. Other evidence given to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission "the evidence of Commission deponents reveals a degree of deliberation in the decision to open fire at Sharpeville and indicates that the shooting was more than the result of inexperienced and frightened police officers losing their nerve. Also, this day was established after the “Sharpeville massacre” in South Africa in 1960, so it’s connected to our lessons about racism in South Africa. In my own research on international human rights law, I looked to complexity theory, a theory developed in the natural sciences to make sense of the ways that patterns of behaviour emerge and change, to understand the way that international human rights law had developed and evolved. There was no evidence that anyone in the gathering was armed with anything other than stones. The Sharpeville Massacre occurred on 21 March 1960, at the police station in the South African township of Sharpeville in the Transvaal (today part of Gauteng ). auf www.sahistory.org.za (englisch) Einzelnachweise Bearbeiten The Sharpeville Massacre occurred on 21 March 1960, at the police station in the South African township of Sharpeville in the Transvaal (today part of Gauteng). "[6]:p.538, The uproar among South Africa's black population was immediate, and the following week saw demonstrations, protest marches, strikes, and riots around the country. "[1] He also denied giving any order to fire and stated that he would not have done so. T. he Sharpeville massacre, the name given to the murder of 69 unarmed civilians by armed South African police, took place on 21 March 1960. Minderheiten, Rassismus, Apartheid. [7][8], On 21 March, a group of between 5,000 and 10,000 people converged on the local police station, offering themselves up for arrest for not carrying their passbooks. The Afrikaner poet Ingrid Jonker also mentioned the Sharpeville Massacre in her verse. A total of 69 people were killed including 8 women and 10 children, and 180 people were injured, including 31 women and 19 children. It was one of the first and most violent demonstrations against apartheid in South Africa. Der beste Weg, dies zu tun, ist die Überprüfung der Phonetik. I will argue that the massacre created a major short-term crisis for the apartheid state, a crisis which appeared to Outside Sharpeville police Station. Das Massaker ereignete sich am 21. Dieses Blutbad wurde für Südafrika zur Zäsur: Im März 1960 erschossen Polizisten in Sharpeville hinterrücks 69 Schwarze. Due to the illness, removals from Topville began in 1958. On 1 April 1960, the United Nations Security Council passed Resolution 134. Approximately 10,000 Africans were forcibly removed to Sharpeville. Many were shot in the back as they turned to flee, causing some to be paralyzed.[1]. Open menu. United Nations Security Council Resolution 610, United Nations Security Council Resolution 615, "The Sharpeville Massacre – A watershed in South Africa", "The photos that changed history – Ian Berry; Sharpeville Massacre", "Sharpeville Massacre, The Origin of South Africa's Human Rights Day", The Sharpeville Massacre—a Watershed in South Africa, Student activists at Sydney University 1960–1967, "Sharpeville Memorial, Theunis Kruger Street, Dicksonville, Sharpville – ABLEWiki", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sharpeville_massacre&oldid=1015586353, Killings by law enforcement officers in South Africa, Short description is different from Wikidata, Use South African English from April 2016, All Wikipedia articles written in South African English, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2011, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 2 April 2021, at 09:30. Beim brutalen Polizeieinsatz wurden 69 Demonstranten Das Sharpeville Massaker (1960) in Englisch | Schülerlexikon | Lernhelfer That impact is best broken down into its short-term, medium-term, and long-term significance. On 30 March 1960, the government declared a state of emergency, detaining more than 18,000 people, including prominent anti-apartheid activists who were known as members of the Congress Alliance including Nelson Mandela and some still enmeshed in the Treason Trial. After a day of demonstrations, at which a crowd of black protesters far outnumbered the police, the South … From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. [5], The official figure is that 69 people were killed, including 8 women and 10 children, and 180 injured, including 31 women and 19 children. For the resistance movements it marked the change from non-violent to violent protest. “The massacre at Sharpeville created a new situation in the country,” said Mandela in his autobiography, “A Long Walk to Freedom.” He was mainly referring to a turning point were the ANC and its offshoot PAC (Pan Africanist Congress) had realized that their peaceful approach to apartheid or segregation had no effect and were weighing the possibility of becoming more aggressive. The massacre galvanized international public opinion. Sharpeville had a high rate of unemployment as well as high crime rates. Some say this was what led Nelson Mandela to engaging in more violent protests. Unten finden Sie die britische Transkription für 'sharpeville' : Under the country's National Party government, black residents in urban districts were subject to influx control measures. Police opened fire. The Sharpeville Massacre helped shape ANC policy. In der Polizeistation von Sharpeville sind 20 Polizisten. März 1960 zu einer Demonstration in Sharpeville, nahe Johannesburg, auf. In diesem Zusammenhang verfolgte er auch nach dem Massaker von Lawrence die Bande von William C. Quantrill. UNESCO marks 21 March as the yearly International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, in memory of the massacre. Es liegt zwischen den beiden Industriestädten Vanderbijlpark und Vereeniging und wurde nach John Sharpe benannt, einem … [11], Many White South Africans were also horrified by the massacre. [6]:pp.14,528 From the 1960s, the pass laws were the primary instrument used by the state to detain and harass its political opponents. After a day of demonstrations against pass laws, a crowd of about 7,000 protesters went to the police station. The Sharpeville massacre occurred on 21 March 1960, at the police station in the South African township of Sharpeville in Transvaal (today part of Gauteng). He also pursued William C. Quantrill's raiders following the Lawrence Massacre. 1960: Scores die in Sharpeville shoot-out: BBC ON THIS DAY | 21 | 1960: Scores die in Sharpeville shoot-out, "March 21, 1960 | South African Police Kill 69 Black Protesters in Sharpeville Massacre", https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sharpeville_massacre&oldid=6376884, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. Sharpeville, home to 26,000 blacks within the larger town of Vereeniging, located south of Johannesburg, seemed an unlikely setting for a watershed moment in the history of apartheid resistance. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}26°41′18″S 27°52′19″E / 26.68833°S 27.87194°E / -26.68833; 27.87194, 1960 police killing of protesters in Transvaal (now Gauteng), South Africa. Apartheid and baasskap was here to … The poet Duncan Livingstone, a Scottish immigrant from the Isle of Mull who lived in Pretoria, wrote in response to the Massacre the Scottish Gaelic poem Bean Dubh a' Caoidh a Fir a Chaidh a Marbhadh leis a' Phoileas ("A Black Woman Mourns her Husband Killed by the Police").[12]. Translator. The police were armed with firearms, including Sten submachine guns and Lee–Enfield rifles. There were also youth problems because many children joined gangs and were affiliated with crimes instead of schools. Das Massaker von Sharpeville war die Erschießung von 69 Demonstranten und die Verletzung vieler weiterer wegen ihrer Hautfarbe diskriminierter Personen im Township Sharpeville in der heutigen Provinz Gauteng in Südafrika, damals Südafrikanische Union. The peaceful protest at Sharpeville against the pass laws was organised by the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) and met by … [1] The police started shooting into the crowd. The Sharpeville massacre occurred in unique circumstances, and proved to be a tragic event that would shape the future of the apartheid struggle. It is likely that the police were quick to fire as two months before the massacre, nine constables had been assaulted and killed, some disembowelled, during a raid at Cato Manor. Sharpeville ist ein Township der Lokalgemeinde Emfuleni in der Provinz Gauteng in Südafrika, etwa 50 Kilometer südlich von Johannesburg. Sharpeville was first built in 1943 to replace Topville, a nearby township that suffered overcrowding where illnesses like pneumonia were widespread. [citation needed], Not all reactions were negative: embroiled in the Civil Rights Movement, the Mississippi House of Representatives voted a resolution supporting the South African government "for its steadfast policy of segregation and the [staunch] adherence to their traditions in the face of overwhelming external agitation. 2011 hatte es 37.599 Einwohner. Significant reshaping of international law is often the result of momentous occurrences, mos… … Fewer than 20 police officers were present in the station at the start of the protest. [17], Sharpeville was the site selected by President Nelson Mandela for the signing into law of the Constitution of South Africa on 10 December 1996. From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Sharpeville Massacre) The Sharpeville massacre was when a crowd of between 5,000–7,000 black people protested at the police station in Sharpeville, South Africa on March 21, 1960. Link zur lokalen Verwaltungseinheit auf www.municipalities.co.za (englisch) South African History Online : Sharpeville Massacre, 21 March 1960 . The massacre was one of the catalysts for a shift from passive resistance to armed resistance by these organisations. You get the chance to get a good grade extra if you answer the following questions in complete English sentences (insgesamt etwa 15 Sätze). The Sharpeville Massacre became a milestone in South African history. Today we remember the Sharpeville Massacre, which took place on this day in 1960, when 69 people were killed by police for protesting the South African apartheid Pass Laws restricting Black citizens … [5] The shooting began shortly thereafter. The row of graves of the 69 people killed by police at the Sharpeville Police Station on 21 March 1960. International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination. The slow unraveling and dismantling of the apartheid regime began in Sharpeville. This page was last changed on 8 January 2019, at 14:04. Africa Media Online Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. [3] Some say that the crowd was peaceful. The Sharpeville massacre was a haunting historical response by black people against the Apartheid oppression. As such, “Sharpeville” has … Wenn Sie anfangen, Englisch zu sprechen, ist es wichtig, sich an die Geräusche der Sprache zu gewöhnen. Suggest as a translation of "sharpeville massacre" Copy; DeepL Translator Linguee. Everyone flees. [4] Leading up to the Sharpeville massacre, the National Party administration under the leadership of Dr. Hendrik Verwoerd used these laws to enforce greater racial segregation[5] and, in 1959–1960, extended them to include women. Nach dem Massaker von Sharpeville trat er dem ANC bei. Africa Media Online Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. [10] Few of the policemen present had received public order training. Later the crowd grew to about 20,000,[5] and the mood was described as "ugly",[5] prompting about 130 police reinforcements, supported by four Saracen armoured personnel carriers, to be rushed in. [2] At some point the South African Police started shooting. [10] Some insight into the mindset of those on the police force was provided by Lieutenant Colonel Pienaar, the commanding officer of the police reinforcements at Sharpeville, who said in his statement that "the native mentality does not allow them to gather for a peaceful demonstration. British Empire The shooting started when the crowd started going toward the fence around the police station. [10], PAC actively organized to increase turnout to the demonstration, distributing pamphlets and appearing in person to urge people not to go to work on the day of the protest. EN. The event also played a role in South Africa's departure from the Commonwealth of Nations in 1961. After the people's protest; after the Sharpeville killings; after 20 000 people had been detained; the goverment closed another chapter in our countries history. As both the PAC and the ANC struggled with the limitations of peaceful protests and police became increasingly nervous with greater responsibilities, a political boiling pot had begun to simmer. Many of the civilians present attended voluntarily to support the protest, but there is evidence that the PAC also used coercive means to draw the crowd there, including the cutting of telephone lines into Sharpeville, and preventing bus drivers from driving their routes. There was to be no change. Furthermore, a new police station was created, from which the police were energetic to check passes, deporting illegal residents, and raiding illegal shebeens. Opposition to apartheid regime spread throughout the world driven by coalitions of civil society and grassroots organizations. März 1960 und gilt als ein Wendepunkt in der Geschichte Südafrikas. That day, the police opened fire and killed 69 people during a peaceful demonstration. The South African Police opened fire on the crowd, killing 69 people and injuring 180 others. These protests were to begin on 31 March 1960, but the rival Pan-Africanist Congress (PAC), led by Robert Sobukwe, decided to pre-empt the ANC by launching its own campaign ten days earlier, on 21 March, because they believed that the ANC could not win the campaign. Unterrichtsmaterial Englisch Gymnasium/FOS Klasse 10, Themengebiete: Sharpeville Massacre, Südafrika. Wounded people lie in the street, 21 March 1960 in Sharpeville, near Vereeniging, where at least 180 black Africans, most of them women and children, … The Sharpeville Massacre in the 1960s was a turning point in South African history. The foundation of Poqo, the military wing of the PAC, and Umkhonto we Sizwe, the military wing of the ANC, followed shortly afterwards. [6]:p.534, By 10:00, a large crowd had gathered, and the atmosphere was initially peaceful and festive. For more than 30 years, the circumstances surrounding the Sharpeville Massacre were carefully hidden while nevertheless this event came to epitomize the stark face of apartheid and the cruel consequences of any opposition to the government. [6]:p.163, The African National Congress (ANC) prepared to initiate a campaign of protests against pass laws. It had wide ramifications and a significant impact. An Ordinary Atrocity: Sharpeville and Its Massacre | Frankel, Philip | ISBN: 9780300091786 | Kostenloser Versand für alle Bücher mit Versand und Verkauf duch Amazon. Gegen Mittag fliegen Kampfflugzeuge über dem Polizeirevier, kurz danach erteilt ein ranghoher Polizeioffizier den Befehl, auf die unbewaffneten Demonstrierenden scharf zu schießen. The Sharpeville massacre was an event which occurred on 21 March 1960. [5], F-86 Sabre jets and Harvard Trainers approached to within a hundred feet of the ground, flying low over the crowd in an attempt to scatter it. The year 2010 marked the fiftieth anniversary of one of apartheid South Africa's most infamous atrocities: the Sharpeville massacre. Pass laws intended to control and direct their movement and employment were updated in the 1950s. The demonstration was to protest against pass laws. The massacre was photographed by photographer Ian Berry, who initially believed the police were firing blanks. Translate texts with the world's best machine translation technology, developed by the creators of Linguee. "[6]:p.537, On 21 March 2002, the 42nd anniversary of the massacre, a memorial was opened by former President Nelson Mandela as part of the Sharpeville Human Rights Precinct.[19]. Some of them had been on duty for over twenty-four hours without respite. [citation needed], The Sharpeville massacre contributed to the banning of the PAC and ANC as illegal organisations. The protesters responded by hurling stones (striking three policemen) and rushing the police barricades. [1] Gegründet wurde dieser Wohnort für Schwarze von der Apartheidregierung Südafrikas. People were participating to a political rally organized by the African National Congress (ANC) in Sharpeville, South Africa, against a law that limited and controlled their movements. Sharpeville massacre, incident in the Black township of Sharpeville, near Vereeniging, South Africa, on March 21 1960, in which police fired on a crowd of Black people, killing or wounding some 250 of them. [2] The crowd went to the police station demanding to be arrested for not carrying their passes. E.g., "[I]mmediately following the Sharpeville massacre in South Africa, over 1000 students demonstrated in Sydney against the apartheid system".—Barcan A. The Sharpeville massacre was when a crowd of between 5,000–7,000 black people protested at the police station in Sharpeville, South Africa on March 21, 1960. [18], In 1998, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) found that the police actions constituted "gross human rights violations in that excessive force was unnecessarily used to stop a gathering of unarmed people. Others say that the crowd were throwing stones at the police. On 21 March 1960, the police opened fire on a group of demonstrators who had gathered peacefully outside Sharpeville police station in response to a nationwide call by the Pan-Africanist Congress (PAC) to protest against the hated pass system; 67 … [2] In present-day South Africa, 21 March is celebrated as a public holiday in honour of human rights and to commemorate the Sharpeville massacre. One of the insights was that international law does not change, unless there is some trigger for countries to change their behaviour. South Africans are marking the 50th anniversary of the Sharpeville Massacre, during which police shot into a crowd of unarmed civilians protesting racial discrimination under apartheid.
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